In this blog post I am using a Fedora 24 (will most likely work on other distributions too) installation with Home Assistant 0.22.1 on a Foxconn nT-330i with an old Logitech QuickCam Orbit AF and a Logitech HD Webcam C270. With the (/integrations/local_file) by () and () you could integrate a local USB webcam with a few very easy steps.
There are a couple of options available like () or () but I never finished something. The main reason was that this would give those devices a second life and enable one to benefit from low-cost video surveillance. In the past month I was thinking about ways to integrate USB webcams into Home Assistant again.